https://repositorio.uoh.cl/handle/611/17 Thu, 16 Apr 2026 19:48:41 GMT 2026-04-16T19:48:41Z https://repositorio.uoh.cl/handle/611/833 Silicon uptake and utilization on Panicum maximum grass modifies C:N:P stoichiometry under warming and soil water deficit Olivera-Viciedo, D; Oliveira, KS; Prado, RD; Habermann, E; Martínez, CA; Zanine, AD Future increases in air temperature are expected to increase the growth of Panicum maximum, but with climate change it will be common for the binomial increase in temperature and drought to occur. In this condition, plants may use strategies to adapt to this new scenario by favoring the uptake of beneficial elements such as Si and modifying plants nutritional status, but this needs to be tested. Thus, this research was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of warming and water restriction on Si uptake, accumulation, Si use efficiency, the C:Si, N:Si and P:Si stoichiometric ratios and their effects on growth of Panicum maximum plants grown under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with two temperature conditions (T): ambient temperature (aT), and high temperature (eT - increase of 2 degrees C above ambient temperature) combined with two levels of soil water availability (W), with water stress - non-irrigated (wS) and irrigated (sW), arranged in randomized blocks. Si concentration and accumulation are affected by temperature variations and soil water availability in different ways. Soil water restriction reduces leaf Si concentration, accumulation and increases the C, N and P stoichiometric ratios. Biomass production always improved for all growth cycles under warming and irrigated conditions, while, leaf C: Si, N: Si, and P: Si ratios decreased under non-irrigated and elevated temperature. It was revealed for the first time that the tolerance of Panicum maximum to warming and soil water restriction can be associated with Si uptake and changes in plant C:N:P stoichiometry. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uoh.cl/handle/611/833 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uoh.cl/handle/611/825 Sclerophyllous Forest Tree Growth Under the Influence of a Historic Megadrought in the Mediterranean Ecoregion of Chile Venegas-González, A; Muñoz, AA; Carpintero-Gibson, S; González-Reyes, A; Schneider, I; Gipolou-Zuñiga, T; Aguilera-Betti, I; Roig, FA The Mediterranean-type Ecosystems of Central Chile is one of the most threatened regions in South America by global change, particularly evidenced by the historical megadrought that has occurred in central Chile since 2010. The sclerophyllous forest stands out, whose history and relationship with drought conditions has been little studied. Cryptocarya alba and Beilschmiedia miersii (Lauraceae), two large endemic trees, represent an opportunity to analyze the incidence of intense droughts in the growth of sclerophyllous forests by analyzing their tree rings. Here, we considered > 400 trees from nineteen populations of C. alba and B. miersii growing across a latitudinal gradient (32 degrees -35 degrees S). To study the influence of local and large-scale climatic variability on tree growth, we first grouped the sites by species and explored the relationships between tree-growth patterns of C. alba and B. miersii with temperature, precipitation, and climate water deficit (CWD). Second, we performed Principal Component Analysis to detect common modes of variability and to explore relationships between growth patterns and their relationship to Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), ENSO and SAM indices. We detected a breaking point as of 2002 at regional level, where a persistent and pronounced decrease in tree growth occurred, mainly influenced by the increase in CWD and the decrease in winter-spring rainfall. In addition, a positive (negative) relationship was showed between PC1 growth-PDSI and PC1 growth-ENSO (growth-SAM), that is, growth increases (decreases) in the same direction as PDSI and ENSO (SAM). Despite the fact that sclero phyllous populations are highly resistant to drought events, we suggest that the sclerophyllous populations studied here experienced a generalized growth decline, and possibly the natural dynamics of their forests have been altered, mainly due to the accumulating effects of the unprecedented drought since 2010. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uoh.cl/handle/611/825 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uoh.cl/handle/611/553 Generalized mixed linear modeling approach to analyze nodulation in common bean inbred lines Rizzardi, DA; Contreras-Soto, RI; Figueiredo, AST; Andrade, CAD; Santana, RG; Scapim, CA The objective of this work was to compare distributions for the modeling of the number and dry matter weight of nodules (DWN) of Rhizobium from different inoculants in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) inbred lines subjected to nitrogen doses, as well as to identify the best inoculant for those lines. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, arranged in split-split plots, with three factors - four inbred lines, five nitrogen doses (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha(-1)), and three inoculants (CIAT 899, UFLA 02-100, and peat) - and four replicates. The number of nodules and their dry matter weight were analyzed with the generalized linear mixed modeling approach. The highest number of nodules was obtained with the CIAT 899 inoculant, at the dose of 20 kg ha(-1) N (260 nodules), followed by UFLA 02-100, at 80 kg ha(-1) (109 nodules), and peat alone at 20 kg ha(-1) (98 nodules). The DWN with CIAT 899 exceeded in 0.66 g the DWN with UFLA 02-100, and in 0.95 g the DWN obtained without inoculation (inoculated with peat alone). The use of the negative binomial distribution and of the gamma distribution is a simple way to control data overdispersion of the nodule number and data underdispersion of DWN, respectively. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uoh.cl/handle/611/553 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uoh.cl/handle/611/255 Producción de ciruelo europeo para fresco: Directrices tecnológicas de pre y postcosecha Mesa Juliani, Karen; Contador Cárdenas, Loreto; Albornoz Zamorano, Andrea; Cubillos Bustamante, Camila No es de desconocimiento que nuestra fruticultura regional y nacional atraviesa un período complejo, tanto por factores económicos como productivos, los que mantienen a la industria y todos sus actores, en la búsqueda de alternativas de producción. La situación actual, principalmente, por acción del calentamiento global, prevé un cambio de los escenarios de producción, en la demanda de productos inocuos por parte de los consumidores, en la existencia de recambio varietal, y apertura de nuevos mercados, entre otros, lo que plantea el desafío de una producción sostenible y responsable. En este punto la academia en su misión de contribución a la generación y transferencia de conocimiento juega un rol fundamental. El cultivo del ciruelo europeo, que ha sido tradicionalmente destinado a la industria de deshidratado, se basa principalmente en una única variedad, ‘D’Agen’. El consumo de esta fruta entrega una serie de beneficios nutricionales, que sumadas a las de calidad organolépticas han determinado que sea un producto de alta demanda, no sólo para deshidratado sino también para su consumo en fresco. Proyecto financiado a través del Fondo de Innovación para la Competitividad del Gobierno Regional de O’Higgins y su Consejo Regional, enmarcado en la Estrategia Regional de Innovación. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uoh.cl/handle/611/255 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z